Appraisals, Assessments, and Fair Market Value

Number Three

The words appraisals, assessments, and fair market value all relate to one of the most common questions in San Antonio real estate – “what is my home worth?

These three terms often get jumbled up and misused, which can lead to a lot of confusion over what the value of a home is. So let’s take a look at the three terms and how they relate to real estate and the value of your home.

Appraisals

We’ve discussed appraisals recently, including a post about appraisals and why you need one and some of the positive and negative sides to appraisals. Appraisals are part of the mortgage process (and you should get one for yourself if you’re a cash buyer) – the lender uses the appraisal report to help underwrite the loan. The lender wants to know that an appraised value is equal to or more than the price you have agreed to pay for the home.

Appraisals are performed by licensed appraisers who receive a lot of training. Since the housing market crash, appraisers have become rather tight with their valuations, which can be quite daunting for both home buyers and sellers (lenders will not loan more than the amount of the appraisal).

Assessments (Tax Assessed Value)

I often hear tax assessed values called appraisals. It’s kind of a tricky set of words. The office that handles them, is called the Appraisal District, but for the purpose of clear definition, these should not be confused with appraisals. Tax assessed values are used by your local country to assess the amount of tax you owe on your property.

These assessments are not a good indication of value – although they can be dead on at times. With Texas being a non-disclosure state (final sold price of a home is not disclosed publicly), these tax assessed values can vary widely. There are cases where people protested their taxes and cases where the neighbor didn’t, creating disparity in taxable values on properties that may be very similar. Basing your listing price or (if you’re a buyer) your offer price on these numbers is not a good idea. Tax assessed values are good to periodically check, to be sure your property taxes are not increasing too much (if they are, you can protest your taxes here in Texas).

Fair Market Value

Fair market value is a valuation of your home based on current market trends and the actual physical value of your home. While appraisals are rather scientific in nature, fair market value is part science and part art. Your real estate agent takes into account all the information and knowledge they have on your neighborhood and your home and performs a CMA (comparable market analysis) to determine fair market value. Based on current sales trends and the details of your home, your agent will give you a price to list your home at (based on the fair market value).

As we’ve seen in recent years, the price of a home can change and move both up and down. A home purchased today may sell for more, less, or the same in the future – this future price is its fair market value at that moment in time. Even when a fair market value is set for your home, you may find that you still need to adjust the price of your home in order for it to sell.

You may also want to read Dave Taylor’s article on cost versus market price in homes sale.

image courtesy of Studio Mohawk

Appraisals: The Good, The Bad and The Ugly

Home Scale: Appraisal

Now that we’ve covered the basics of appraisals, it’s time to talk about some of the positive and negative aspects of appraisals. Appraisals, without a doubt, are a good idea. Without them, the potential for mortgage fraud would be rampant and housing prices would more than likely inflate at a rate that the average consumer would never be able to keep up with.

The Positive Side of Appraisals

Think of appraisers as a disinterested third-party. They have nothing to gain or lose (they get paid either way) for coming up with a certain value on a home. Their main function is to be sure that the sellers, buyers, and agents are not colluding (or acting alone) to take more money for the house than it’s worth. The lender is giving the buyer a lot of money and they are taking every precaution to ensure that they don’t lose money on the transaction (like any business, their goal is to make money).

Before the housing crisis, appraisers were much less restricted than they are today. Sadly, there were some appraisers that took advantage of this and they were a piece of the puzzle that helped decimate the housing market.

The Negative Side of Appraisals

After the housing market crash, appraisers took a lot of heat for overvaluing properties nationwide (and especially in some of the more famous crash-markets such as California, Florida, and Nevada). By overvaluing properties, lenders were able to justify larger and larger prices for homes and as housing prices continued to inflate, the bubble was just waiting to burst.

Since the crash, appraisers have had to perform under tighter standards than they were used to. This has in many cases has had a negative impact on appraisals. Homes that should appraise (or meet value) are not appraising and buyers, sellers, and agents are at times frustrated and at a loss. It’s not uncommon for an appraisal to scuttle the sale of a home these days.

The basic reasoning is that lenders have placed a lot of blame on the appraisers and make them more responsible for “erroneous” appraisals. If they overvalue a property, they risk losing the banks business if the home were to foreclose and be found to be valued at a lesser price. This sets up a dangerous situation where appraisers are afraid to value a property too high, so they may just undervalue the property for safety’s sake.

If you’re buying a home for $100,000 and the appraisal says the home is only worth $90,000, it’s up to you and seller to come to terms (lowering the sales price) or you to make up the $10,000 difference…or back out of the deal. None of these are good situations, so you can see how an undervalue appraisal is something most people don’t want to see.

The problem gets worse when an agent receives an appraisal and can see clearly that the appraiser knows little about the area – we’ve seen houses that were undervalued by as much as $100,000 in our office. Looking through one recently, it was clear that the comparable sales the appraiser was using were horrible choices (the idea behind comparable sales is to find homes that sold recently that are comparable in size, use, and style (ie, you wouldn’t compare a two bedroom home with vinyl siding to a fifeteen bedroom mega-mansion)). Although you can try and protest an appraisers ruling, it is very rare to see it make any difference.

When these situations arise, it can be very frustrating for all parties involved and it’ll definitely help you to have a good agent at this point, as the contract is now in danger of falling apart (no loan more often than not means no purchase). Some remedies can be performed to try and get both parties back to the negotiating table, but it can be tough. I know several agents who have kept a transaction alive during this period, but it takes experience and determination, so be prepared.

image courtesy of Images_of_Money

Appraisals: What are they and why do I need one?

Home on a Scale

If you’re buying a home, you’re going to hear the word appraisal more than a few times. Knowing what one is and why you need one is pretty important, as is knowing some of the pros and cons of appraisals. Appraisals have been a very big issue with transactions lately, so with that in mind, I thought I’d take some time to talk about them and what they mean to you…as a buyer and a seller. For this first post, let’s just limit ourselves to what appraisals are and why they are necessary. Please note, when I use the word appraisal, I am not talking about what many people mistakenly call “tax appraisals” – we’ll need to cover that in an entirely different post.

What is an appraisal?

An appraisal is defined by Merriam-Webster as:

: an act or instance of appraising; especially : a valuation of property by the estimate of an authorized person

In the case of homes, a licensed appraiser is called on by the lender to value the home. This appraisal is then used by the bank to justify the cost of the home and back up their findings that determine whether or not they will make the loan to the buyer.

The actual appraisal process involves taking local comparable sales and area conditions in order to come up with a appraised value. This is similar to the process your real estate uses when determining the fair market value of your home when you put it on the market, but involves additional factors and considerations and must be done in compliance with appraiser licensing laws.

Why do I need an appraisal?

If you’re buying a home that involves a mortgage, you will need an appraisal. The appraisal is the bank’s proof that the home is really worth what you’ve agreed to pay for it. The idea is to give them the comfort of knowing that the home is worth that much and they’re not getting scammed or ripped off.

Banks will require an appraisal and if it comes in lower than the price you’ve agreed to pay for the home, the bank will not lend you more than the appraised value. For instance, if you’ve agreed to buy a house for $100,000 and it appraises for $99,000, the bank will only make the loan based on the $99,000 figure, so it would be up to you as the buyer to come up with the additional $1,000 in cash on your own or back out of the sale. This can become an issue as we will discuss in an upcoming blog post. The idea of appraisals is safety, security, and fair value for all involved.

Recently, appraisals have become a hot button issue, as appraisers are being much tighter with their values – this can be both a good thing and a bad thing, but much of it results from the housing market crash. We will get into that as well in the upcoming post(s).

image courtesy of Images_of_Money

Cost Versus Market Price in Home Sales

Voltaire - Paris, France

The French Enlightenment writer, Voltaire, said, “Each player must accept the cards life deals him or her: but once they are in hand, he or she alone must decide how to play the cards in order to win the game.” Too often sellers of homes misplay their hands because they act on emotion and not objectivity. Most often it’s because they do not understand or purely disregard the relationship of cost and market value. A good REALTOR® can help in recommending the right price for your house with a Comparative Market Analysis (CMA) – but it’s up to the seller to make the winning decision.

Let’s back-up for a moment and establish the correlation of cost and market value to the quote above as it relates to home selling and making the right decision. Well, one could say when selling your property, the cards you accept are the cost of your home – what you paid for it based on location, size and amenities coupled with any improvements. The hand you play is how you obtain a market value price and sell your home – determining what a reasonable group of buyers would pay to purchase your home based on interest rates, recent home sales and current sales prices of similar properties in the last six months. Similar in order of significance traditionally means location, size and amenities. Accordingly, winning the game is obtaining a fair market value sale in a short amount of time.

The only way to do this is by listing your property at the current market value as soon as it goes on the market based on a CMA. Again, that means at a similar price to properties with comparable location, size and amenities to each other. The CMA is an opinion and not an appraisal. Good REALTORS® can generally estimate if a home will appraise at its current listed price. Appraisals are done by a licensed appraiser and are only good for six months. Lenders will not provide funds that exceed an appraisal which is another reason to properly price your home. Back to the CMA…on average, you want your listing price to be at the top of the recently sold and at the bottom of properties currently on the market. Why? Homes accurately listed at market value provide more prospective buyers through agent enthusiasm. Competent agents know value when they see it and will work diligently to sell a realistically priced home. Secondly, savvy buyers have access to vast amounts of information and tend to have a better appreciation of market value. If your home is overpriced, agents will not waste their time showing it to potential buyers. Secondly, you will attract the wrong set of buyers as they are expecting more for their money. Consequently, your house will generally stay on the market longer which leads to negative perceptions of your property in buyer’s minds. Why hasn’t it sold? What’s wrong with it? It’s been on the market so long the seller’s must be willing to accept a low offer (below market value). Additionally, the process will continue to take time away from other endeavors. But why do sellers often avoid accepting the agent’s opinion on the current market value of their home?

Sadly, most people fail to recognize the hard fact that cost and market value are not related – the two concepts are totally independent. Just think, if you inherited a house for nothing (your cost) would you give it away for nothing? You would want to sell it at market value. How about the stock market? Do you always get the same price you paid for a stock when you sell it? No, sometimes it’s more and sometimes it’s less. The result is based on the market. Selling and buying homes is no different. In any real estate transaction, the objective is to sell at the price most people will pay – not the highest price that one person might pay. An expert REALTOR® is your best bet for obtaining the best price – but that’s predicated on you taking their advice. The current market sets the price, not the REALTOR®. All the real estate agent does is provide you a snapshot of the market at that time, similar to how a doctor provides an x-ray as an assessment tool.

Believe it; a good REALTOR® has no interest in overpricing your house. It’s as much a drain on their resources as it is yours. Typically the more your house sells for the higher the commission for a REALTOR®, right? However, if your house never sells then the REALTOR® never receives a commission. Real estate professionals want to maximize time, get the best deal for all involved and earn a living like everyone else. It’s your job to make the best decision based on their advice. But my REALTOR® let me list at a higher price than their CMA recommended. Just as parents do with stubborn children, an agent may let you learn from your error in judgment – and the REALTOR® suffers along with you. Understanding several pitfalls to avoid can help you remain focused on making the right decision.

Seller enthusiasm can be a detriment when it comes in the form of emotion. “Our home is better than others; we paid more when we bought it; we need more for it based on our improvements; we are moving to a higher priced home and need the money!” Objectivity is paramount – a CMA. If you don’t like the answer, then it’s time for a tough choice. You must decide if you can hold onto the property until the market changes or sell at the current market value. Other faulty preconceived notions are that by inflating the price a seller may catch the lone foolish buyer; or that building in additional barging room will offset underbids. Executing these concepts will only extend the time your house is on the market and thereby lessen the enthusiasm buyers and agents have to sell your home along with negatively affecting everybody’s time and resources. If you are able, there can be an advantage to selling in a challenging market, especially if you are looking to buy.

Most people selling their home are also preparing to buy a home. Real estate statistics show that most people go up about 50% in price when buying another home. For simplicity’s sake, let’s say you see a 10% reduction in the market value of your current home – you paid $400,000 and you sell it for $360,000. However, the house you are purchasing is also in the same market and was priced at $600,000 but now sells for $540,000. In this example, you would have saved around $20,000 (you lost around $40,000 on the sale of your house but saved around $60,000 on the purchase of your next home). This is one of the hidden advantages to selling and buying in a challenging market. Additionally, in some instances, a motivated agent may adjust a commission on one end of the deal when helping the same client sell their home and buy another.

In the end, it’s not what you paid for the house; it’s what the market will pay for your house. Being objective about hour home will equal a faster sale, assist in helping you finalize plans for your next house, provide less inconvenience, provide more prospective buyers through agent enthusiasm and serve as a magnet for good offers. In best cases it will provide higher net equity. It’s your choice.

image courtesy of ktylerconk

Don’t let HGTV guide all of your decisions.

Astroturf

In reference to our recent post, “How to be a good home buyer or seller.,” we thought it might be good to cover some real world examples to help showcase why these items were so important.

“Seek advice of experts.”

There once was an individual who was an avid HGTV watcher. He loved the designers, watched the reruns of rehabs, and ate up all of the handy, do-it yourself tips. He approached his agent with grand plans to install an astroturf lawn on his property. He saw it on television, it got rave reviews in it’s Arizona neighborhood and he just knew that spending the extra $15k was going to bring him loads more when he went to sell. His agent advised against investing so much money in something so rare in his neighborhood. He chose not to listen to his local REALTOR®, and instead went ahead with the project on his $98,000 home.

He did get the property under contract eventually, but when it came time for an appraisal, there was a problem. Not only could the appraiser not find any other properties nearby with a similar feature (to determine value), but this particular appraiser actually the perpetually green lawn as a detraction and subtracted value from the property for it. Not only was the seller not able to sell the property for what he wanted (the property did not appraise and a lower sales price had to be negotiated), but the seller ended up losing money on the deal because the extra $15K investment could not be substantiated.

As Chris Griffith, a Bonita Springs real estate agent, wrote in her MLS Fail Shots post on AgentGenius, “Design on a Dime lied to you.

Need expert advice for your next real estate transaction? Contact us and one of our agents will help guide you through your next home sale or purchase.

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San Antonio real estate and property information provided by Kimberly Howell Properties. Kimberly Howell Properties does not assume any liability or responsibility for the operation or content of any of the linked resources, nor for any of the interpretations, comments, graphics, or opinions contained therein. All information deemed reliable, but not guaranteed. KJH Properties, Inc. is a licensed real estate brokerage in the State of Texas, Equal Opportunity Employer, and supporter of the Fair Housing Act.